Hypersensitivity reactions to modern antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs

Anticoagulation and antiplatelet drugs are among the most commonly used medical drugs. In addition to the long-established heparins, hirudins, coumarins and antiplatelet drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid, numerous novel and predominantly synthetic pharmacologic agents have come onto the market in recent years. These new agents act at various sites in coagulation and have significantly broadened treatment options. Whilst immunological hypersensitivity reactions are on the whole rare, they have a considerable impact on patient management when they do occur. The present overview discusses the currently known hypersensitivity reactions to anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents, with particular attention to the newer substance classes including P2Y12 inhibitors, glycoprotein IIb/IIIb receptor antagonists, direct factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors.